Cinco de Mayo: More Than Just Tacos and Tequila – The History Behind the Holiday

Each year on May 5th, Cinco de Mayo brings vibrant parades, mariachi music, colorful decorations, and plenty of tacos and tequila. For many, it's a day to enjoy Mexican food and festive drinks, but the true meaning behind the holiday often gets lost amid the celebration. So, what exactly is Cinco de Mayo, and why is it more than just a party?

The True History of Cinco de Mayo

Cinco de Mayo, which literally means "Fifth of May" in Spanish, commemorates a significant moment in Mexican history—the Battle of Puebla, which took place on May 5, 1862. On this day, a small and under-equipped Mexican army achieved a surprising victory over the powerful French forces of Napoleon III.

At the time, Mexico was facing financial ruin and had defaulted on its debts to European nations. France, Britain, and Spain sent naval forces to demand repayment. While Britain and Spain negotiated with Mexico and eventually withdrew, France decided to seize the opportunity to establish a monarchy in the Americas, aiming to install Archduke Maximilian of Austria as emperor of Mexico.

French troops landed in Veracruz and advanced inland. The turning point came at Puebla, where General Ignacio Zaragoza led about 2,000 Mexican soldiers and indigenous fighters against 6,000 French troops. Against all odds, Zaragoza's forces held their ground and drove the French out. Though not a major strategic victory, the win was a significant morale booster for the Mexican people and became a symbol of resistance against foreign domination.

What Cinco de Mayo Is Not

Contrary to popular belief, Cinco de Mayo is not Mexico’s Independence Day. That holiday is celebrated on September 16th, marking the beginning of Mexico's war for independence from Spain in 1810. Cinco de Mayo is a regional holiday in Mexico, primarily celebrated in the state of Puebla where the battle occurred. Outside of Puebla, it is a relatively minor event.

Why It’s Celebrated in the United States

Cinco de Mayo gained popularity in the United States in the 1960s during the Chicano civil rights movement, as a way for Mexican-Americans to celebrate their heritage and cultural identity. Over the years, it has evolved—especially in the U.S.—into a broader celebration of Mexican culture, music, cuisine, and traditions.

However, in many American cities, the holiday has become heavily commercialized, often overshadowing its historical significance with party themes focused more on margaritas than on Mexican history and pride.

A Day of Cultural Pride and Resilience

At its heart, Cinco de Mayo is a story of courage, resilience, and unity in the face of overwhelming odds. It reminds us that the underdog can triumph and that cultural heritage should be honored and understood—not just consumed.

If you're celebrating Cinco de Mayo this year, take a moment to reflect on its roots. Learn about the people who fought for their country's dignity, explore the rich traditions of Mexico, support local Latinx-owned businesses, and share the real story behind the holiday. And yes, enjoy the tacos—but with a side of history.

Did You Know?

• General Zaragoza died just months after the Battle of Puebla, at the age of 33, from typhoid fever.

• Cinco de Mayo is celebrated more enthusiastically in parts of the U.S. (like Los Angeles and Chicago) than in most of Mexico.

• In 2005, the U.S. Congress issued a resolution calling on Americans to observe Cinco de Mayo with appropriate ceremonies and activities.

So this May 5th, let’s raise a glass not just to a party—but to perseverance, pride, and the enduring spirit of Mexico.